Top 5 Ways You Can Protect Your Privacy On Web - 2339 Words

Top 5 ways you can protect your privacy on web in the age of surveillance By now, one must be sure of the fact that NSA is one of the biggest funded infiltrator agency ever set up in the world. Billions and billions of dollars are being spent on this organization of United States in order to track and record all of the digital communication platforms such as internet and telephone networks that most of the humans use on this planet. Even the natives of America are not spared in this activity of surveillance, as announced by the numerous authoritative news sources such as Washington Post and the Guardian of UK. Therefore, it has become a stern obligation for the net users to somehow protect their privacy on the web in the best possible means they simply can. But the fact stands quite absolute that protecting your privacy against NSA, or any other spying organization, is not at all simple as it seems and obviously not a matter of just downloading an app from the web and all done. However, thanks to the overwhelming continues works of non-profit/open source software developers and cryptographers that such software’s are made which can counter against these giant privacy-tracking adversaries. Privacy protecting techniques are important especially for journalist community worldwide who continuously convey important information’s around the globe with their correspondents. The over-powering enemies of privacy For any pupil who uses digital platforms for communication and otherShow MoreRelated‘Privacy and a Digital Bill of Rights?’1098 Words   |  5 PagesThe world as we know is moving towards a more digital life style, where nearly everything that we own has some sort of electronic component built in it and is able to connect to the Internet. Users are able to browse the web, shop online for their favourite items from stores around the world and post a status update from any of their devices anywhere any time twenty-four hours, seven days a week. On an estimate in just 60 seconds we transmit nearly 640 terabytes of IP data. A major contributor toRead MoreHipaa Compliance : Health Care1650 Words   |  7 Pagespeople. Can medical facilities trust their employees with the health information of a patient? What is HIPAA Compliance? HIPAA stands for Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. This act was created in 1996 by congress and signed by president Bill Clinton. It inspires systematization of medical data. HIPAA contains two rules which are privacy and security. HIPAA Security Rule conducts collections,transmittal, IT systems,and storage of electronic patient records. While HIPAA privacy ruleRead MoreEssay On Website Security915 Words   |  4 PagesKeep Secure Your WordPress Site Using Actionable Steps In today’s highly connected digital ecosystem, our lives, businesses, communications, and a lot of activities depend on the websites and web applications. All websites contain sensitive data and deliver business-critical information services to the targeted audience. Due to the rapidly increasing use of websites and web applications, vulnerabilities have become quite rampant. Even the smallest security loophole can give cybercriminals a chanceRead MoreAn Analytical Essay On Online Privacy1850 Words   |  8 PagesAnalytical Essay on Online Privacy NAME: RAMDEEP SIWACH STUDENT ID: S4552144 Table of Contents Privacy and Digital Privacy 2 Digital privacy in Australia 2 Loss of online privacy 2 Ways to protect digits privacy 3 Case study on Digital Privacy: â€Å"Girls Around Me† 4 Case Study on Digital Privacy: â€Å"Double Click Controversy 5 CONCLUSION: 5 REFERENCES: 6  Privacy and Digital Privacy Privacy is not described in law, and providing a definite definition is difficult. Privacy relates to the principlesRead MoreTHE IMPLICATIONS OF INTERNET SOCIAL NETWORKS Essay835 Words   |  4 Pagesecommerce, communication and socialization, the need of privacy protection is passed on to individuals. What this research paper has demonstrated is that there are implications users need to be aware of before signing up and placing their profile on these social network sites. Social Network sites for human communication are rising at a staggering rate, especially since the Internet is the world’s fastest growing communication medium. It can diminish the quality of physical social interaction. RelationshipsRead MoreEssay on Put An End to Cyber-Bullying1084 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Did you know, Bullying victims are 2 to 9 times more likely to consider committing suicide?† (DoSomething.org). Many children and teenagers in today’s society are not only faced with being bullied at school, but they deal with it online at home as well. Social media sites, where children are supposed to be able to express themselves and not be victimized, are a growing statistic of where bullying is taking place (Foxman, Abraham, and Silverman). With more and more children each and every day gainingRead MoreA Brief Note On Privacy And The Privacy2459 Words   |  10 PagesDec. 2014 A Right to Privacy Technology has proposed a variety of different options to support the privacy rights of people. At the same time, technology has also done the opposite, making it almost impossible for anyone to have secured privacy. Nowadays, there are multiple hacking programs or devices that can help protect private information; however, they can also be used to invade privacy. Modern-day society has records of incidents and events involving the invasion of privacy, including those notRead MoreEssay about The Privacy of E-Mail1319 Words   |  6 PagesThe Privacy of E-Mail Today the Internet is being used more and more frequently, and the question of e-mail privacy is becoming more and more of an issue in society. Many people today, both at work and at home, are using e-mail to keep in touch with their friends, family, and their co-workers. Sometimes the information that is contained in these messages is private and confidential, neither the sender nor the receiver wish any one else to be privy to what is contained in these messages. WhatRead MoreThe Information Age : How Safe Are We?1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe Information Age: How safe are we? General Purpose: To inform. Specific Purpose: I want my audience to understand that there are significant dangers in the age of technology and the Internet particularly regarding the privacy of protected information. Preview: While the Internet, cellphones and ATM machines provide us with a very convenient lifestyle there are inherent dangers-mostly and especially financial dangers, to those who share their personal information online or on their home computersRead MoreCybercrime: The Latest Ways of Stealing Identity and Money700 Words   |  3 PagesCybercrime: The Latest Ways of Stealing Identity and Money Cyber Crime is one of the latest crimes in the world today. People try to protect themselves from being hacked every way possible. Hackers come up with new ways daily through which a person’s identity and money gets stolen. Waterson explained that, identity theft is the act of stealing personal information that enables cyber criminals to impersonate someone else. Someone can steal your identity by using your name, social security number,

Understanding the Great Depression Essay - 2842 Words

It was in 1929 that industrial production declined, business slumped and depression began in the United States. Rising unemployment, falling incomes, increasingly underutilized capacity, the drop in primary-product prices and the collapse of international trade combined to depress the international economy. Property owners felt depressed because their assets were shrinking, manufacturers had to deal with declining sales, building operators experienced a crippling lack of demand, railroad managers were desperate because fewer people utilized the rails, farmers were ruined by deflated prices, wage-earners were facing unemployment and successive wage cuts. Everybody fought the long and arduous, discouraging battle for subsistence. This paper†¦show more content†¦If the nations had cooperated with one another better in dealing with their economic problems, they could have avoided or at least ameliorated the terrible economic losses that all of them suffered during that decade of depression. At the time, a substantial majority of Americans and nearly all foreigners who expressed opinions on the subject believed that the Wall Street Stock Market crash of October 1929 had triggered the Depression, thereby suggesting that the United States was the birthplace of the disaster. The Wall Street downfall triggered declines in other securities markets and led bankers to make borrowing more difficult, which caused a further decline of already depressed commodity prices. In any case, most scholars tend to locate a majority of the underlying causes of the Depression in American events. One thing that the experts at the time did agree on was that the Depression was the downward phase of the business cycle. Awareness that the economic activity went through periodic difficulties that were essentially self-generating first emerged in the nineteenth century. These cycles were a product of the Industrial Revolution. There were periods of economic growth and relative prosperity, others of stagnation and decline. Demographic trends, the opening of new lands, and climatic changes produced these shifts. Random events such as wars, droughts, and epidemics could also alter economic conditions in dramatic fashion. In addition,Show MoreRelatedThe Extent to Which Poor Economic Management of the Great Depression Impacted Australia from the 1920s to 1930s1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Depression was a period of economic contraction and rising unemployment between 1929 and 1933 in Australia and throughout the rest of the world. The Great Depression followed a period of global prosperity and it was triggered by the Wall Street stock market crash on the 24 October 1929 in New York City. A depression is a period of time when the national income falls substantially and results in depleted money reserves causing economic contraction. The Federal Government contributed toRead MoreFdr s Folly : How Roosevelt And His New Deal Prolonged The Great Depression1366 Words   |  6 PagesIn FDR’s Folly: How Roosevelt and His New Deal Prolonged the Great Depression, Jim Powell discusses how Roosevelt’s New Deal actually prolonged the Great Depression and made it significantly worse economica lly for the people in the 1930s United States. Powell reveals a different angle of the â€Å"hero† Franklin Delano Roosevelt, his New Deal, and how he allegedly lead the United States out of the Great Depression. Throughout this book, the author analyzes the actions and repercussions of Roosevelt’sRead MoreSummarise and Discuss the Presentations of Mental Health in the Two Newspaper Articles Given in Appendix 1.1704 Words   |  7 Pagesarticle, titled ‘six in ten of us have faced mental issues such as stress or depression’, focuses on the amount of people currently struggling with mental health issues in Briton today. The article states that according to a recent survey, 60% of people have struggled mentally with stress, anxiety or depression at least once in their lives. In Briton, a staggering 70% suffered with stress, 59% anxiety and 55% depression according to the charity Mental Wellbeing. Of those people who admitted difficultiesRead MoreDorothea Lange And The Farm Security Agency Essay1258 Words   |  6 Pagesfaces of the displaced farmers of the Great Depression one can’t help but feel their shame, anger, despair, and hope. In just one mere black and white photograph, not only is a whole person seen, but rather an entire history. Understanding the importance of photography as an integral form of human communication, photography became the keystone of the Farm Security Administration. By illustrating in a single image the despair and disaster the Great Depression and Dust Bowl brought onto fellow AmericanRead MoreFirst Published In Life MagazineS, WorldS Highest Standard1185 Words   |  5 PagesLiving became instantly recognizable to many Americans during the Great Depression for its starkly ironic juxtaposition of an idealized America alongside the grimmer aspects of everyday reality. By looking at Figure 1. â€Å"The American Way† by Margaret Bour ke White, we can see the contrast between the advertisement and the people in line, which most people do not see. This is important because it emphasizes the crisis following the Great Ohio River flood of 1937. Margaret Bourke White was a photographerRead MoreThe Farmer Security Administration Office Of War Information1485 Words   |  6 Pagesof United States. Photographs taken by members of the FSA/OWI all display and represent American society in different ways to help give a better understanding of major historic events occurring in the United States at this time. The members of the FSA use many formal elements to help illustrate society and its cultural that will enhance our understanding of the FSA/OWI project and United States. In addition, these formal elements such as lighting, framing, subject matter, and detail are used in variousRead MoreAnalysis On Historical Period Of Song Essay1523 Words   |  7 Pagesaccording to US Statistic of Labor-and this was just the beginni ng of a new era. Below is a better understanding as how the great depression took place in addition to how a simple song made broken Americans feel better. II- Analysis of Historical Period of Song: During this difficult time, many Americans tried to balance with the transition of all the changes happening caused by the great depression. Although for sure didn’t characterize or yet represented all the obstacles America were experiencingRead MoreEssay on No Sugar Jack Davis1269 Words   |  6 PagesNo sugar (Jack Davis) The play No Sugar by Jack Davis has various themes and issues covered in it. My understanding of society helps with the meaning of this text, through multiple aspects. These aspects are shown in the text through various themes/issues. These themes portray society and help with my understanding of No Sugar. The themes/issues are as follows; colonialism, economic depression and the patriarchy society. All these topics were a big part of Davis time, and when he wrote the playRead MoreGreat Depression1709 Words   |  7 Pagesat least heard of the Great Depression that hit America by storm in the early twentieth century. Even though people are taught about the Great Depression, I personally think that a lot of people do not understand the severity that it caused and the livelihoods that it forever changed. The Great Depression, which lasted over a period of ten years, resulted in a lot of heartache for many nations worldwide (Fraser, 2010). As for the United States, the worst of the Gre at Depression harbored between 1929Read More The Great Depression Essay1716 Words   |  7 Pagesat least heard of the Great Depression that hit America by storm in the early twentieth century. Even though people are taught about the Great Depression, I personally think that a lot of people do not understand the severity that it caused and the livelihoods that it forever changed. The Great Depression, which lasted over a period of ten years, resulted in a lot of heartache for many nations worldwide (Fraser, 2010). As for the United States, the worst of the Great Depression harbored between 1929

Platos three waves Essay Example For Students

Platos three waves Essay In the Republic, Plato, through his character of Socrates, is searching for the definition of justice. During his search he creates a theoretical city of the kallipolis. This city is to be the ideal, good city. After he establishes this city in his mind he realizes that this city goes against some of the major common thought of his time, and for the city to work it must get passed these obstacles. These obstacles, or waves as Socrates calls them, are vital to the citys success. The city of the kallipolis that Socrates discusses is an ideal city and everything must work according to his plan. Socrates feels that the best way to establish a just city would be to create a city that has three classes of people. The three classes are the guardians (rulers), guardians (auxiliaries), and producers (everybody else). Socrates feels that in order for this city to work the best people, or golden people, would be on top as rulers. Then the auxiliary guardians/soldiers, or silver people, would be educated to believe that this is this best city so they will not revolt against the city. These silver people would also be censored in the things they learned, so they would act in accordance to what they learned, i.e. the rulers would not allow the soldiers to read stories of revolution. Finally, the producers, or bronze and iron people, would follow and listen to the guardians above them because of the noble falsehoods that have been told to them. They will believe that the land is mother and that they should be the producers, because that is the way this society is run, they are born into different classes and metals, and they cannot change that. The second noble falsehood Socrates explains is that the people will think that they all have equal opportunity to mate and produce offspring, when in actuality they do not. Instead the strongest males and females, or the most intelligent, moral and most beautiful are chosen to mate in an attempt to breed the best offspring. This will be accomplished through a fixed lottery. Because of the lottery and the myth of the land, the people will agree and continue to live in this fashion and the city will get stronger. Even though Socrates puts this city together well, there are still three waves that the city must get passed. The first wave is common tasks for both men and women, or equality of the sexes. This wave goes against the common thought of Socrates time because the majority of people felt men should do more than women should. Even Socrates acknowledges that women are weaker than men are, but in this city it is not the strength of the people that count. This city needs intelligent and moral people. If a woman has the qualities to be a guardian she must then be educated the same as the men in the city. Socrates proves this through the following quote So one woman may have a guardian nature and another not Therefore, men and women are by nature the same with respect to guarding the city Then women of this sort must be chosen along with men of the same sort to live with them and share their guardianship it isnt against nature to assign an education in music, poetry, and physical training to the wives of the guardians Its rather the way things are at present that seems to be against nature.This equality allows for the most intelligent, and moral people to be in the higher classes in this city, and for these people to breed strong offspring in this sense through the fixed lottery. It is to the benefit of the state to allow this, and to its disadvantage to hold women inferior to men. The second wave, although one of the hardest to embrace, is probably one of the most important for Socrates city to have success. The second wave is women and children are to be held in common. This means that there cannot be marriage and what we see as family. Instead there will be mating of the best men and women so that the city can produce the best possible offspring. These chosen men and women will not have one partner, but will switch partners. This would be hard for the people of Socrates time as well as people of our society today to accept this new, radical idea. It is hard for peopl e to forget our current structure of society and accept something like this. Socrates goes on to explain that it is important for the people of this city to view this city as the best city, and to love it with all their passion. If there is marriage and romantic love, then the love for the city will be divided among the family and the state. Instead of this romantic love, people of the city should have brotherly love, or love for the state and only the state. Also the people of the city should have love for wisdom and true knowledge because all of these types of love would unite the city to the greatest possible extent. Finally, this concept of women and children held in common will allow the city to produce the best offspring because it will allow the fixed lottery to take place. .uee49c4e318a1c13ec0a3474e45116ea3 , .uee49c4e318a1c13ec0a3474e45116ea3 .postImageUrl , .uee49c4e318a1c13ec0a3474e45116ea3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uee49c4e318a1c13ec0a3474e45116ea3 , .uee49c4e318a1c13ec0a3474e45116ea3:hover , .uee49c4e318a1c13ec0a3474e45116ea3:visited , .uee49c4e318a1c13ec0a3474e45116ea3:active { border:0!important; } .uee49c4e318a1c13ec0a3474e45116ea3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uee49c4e318a1c13ec0a3474e45116ea3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uee49c4e318a1c13ec0a3474e45116ea3:active , .uee49c4e318a1c13ec0a3474e45116ea3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uee49c4e318a1c13ec0a3474e45116ea3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uee49c4e318a1c13ec0a3474e45116ea3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uee49c4e318a1c13ec0a3474e45116ea3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uee49c4e318a1c13ec0a3474e45116ea3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uee49c4e318a1c13ec0a3474e45116ea3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uee49c4e318a1c13ec0a3474e45116ea3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uee49c4e318a1c13ec0a3474e45116ea3 .uee49c4e318a1c13ec0a3474e45116ea3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uee49c4e318a1c13ec0a3474e45116ea3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Comparing Tell Tale Heart and The Black Cat compar EssayThe third and final wave is the king must be a philosopher. This is also tough for people of Socrates time to embrace because the majority of these people did not like the actions of philosophers, and for them to be ruled by philosophers would be hard for them to accept. Socrates is aware that the entire city is theoretical, or the best possible city, and the only way to approximate the city as close as possible to this theoretical city in real life would be through the concept of philosophers as kings. Socrates goes on to explain that a philosopher loves everything, and has true knowledge. They have entered the realm of forms and they understand everything through knowledge and not opinion or senses. A king as a philosopher can therefore tell differences of the roles in the city because he/she is wise. These philosophers are the only people who actually know what justice is, and can therefore watch to make sure the city is run in the proper manner. As Socrates says Until philosophers rule as kings or those who are now called kings and leading men genuinely and adequately philosophize cities will have no rest from evils nor will the human race. And, until this happens, the constitution weve been describing in theory will never be born to the fullest extent possible or see the light of the sun its hard to face up to the fact that there can be no happiness, either public or private, in any other city.The philosophers are the only ones that can see the light and have an understanding of what it takes to have a just city and the things that need to be done for the city to be run properly. If the cit y has philosophers as kings, it is only then that the city will have true justice and it is only then that the city will be as close to Socrates model as possible. All of these waves bring into question the feasibility of Socrates ideal state. It is extremely hard for anybody in societies around the world to simply drop everything and completely change their life styles to try and enter a theoretical state. In order to get this city started and as close to theoretical as possible, lies would be told. Socrates tries to get around these lies by calling them other things such as myths, or noble falsehoods when, in actuality they are still lies. The first lie explains to the people why they must live as they do, and it also explains why they are in the classes that they are in. The second lie tries to hide the truth from its population through the lottery system and will make the city more intelligent and moral. These lies are the basis of the city, and without them the city cannot be e stablished in real life because people would not accept the city. If this is an ideal state, then why does Socrates need to tell lies to its people to keep it running? If this city is based on lies, then how ideal is this city in actuality? These waves are hard to embrace, and because of the lies that it forces Socrates to establish, it is hard to agree on his ideal state. If this city is ideal then it should not have to be forced on its population, it should be greeted by them with arms wide open. But since it is only the philosophers that will have wisdom and know what justice is, then they should be the only ones who know the truth. The rest of the city will simply be living a lie because they do not know any better. So is this idea of the ideal city really worth it? It may seem that justice is good and to our advantage, but if only the few, the kings who are philosophers, really know justice and the truth, then is justice really advantageous for the city? Is it what someone does nt know wont hurt them? Well if thats what it means to be just and to have a just city you can count me out, but wait, I forgot, I would not have a choice, I would be caught up in the middle living a lie. .u472e63e0c3e879858f8b34b00a6c43a0 , .u472e63e0c3e879858f8b34b00a6c43a0 .postImageUrl , .u472e63e0c3e879858f8b34b00a6c43a0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u472e63e0c3e879858f8b34b00a6c43a0 , .u472e63e0c3e879858f8b34b00a6c43a0:hover , .u472e63e0c3e879858f8b34b00a6c43a0:visited , .u472e63e0c3e879858f8b34b00a6c43a0:active { border:0!important; } .u472e63e0c3e879858f8b34b00a6c43a0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u472e63e0c3e879858f8b34b00a6c43a0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u472e63e0c3e879858f8b34b00a6c43a0:active , .u472e63e0c3e879858f8b34b00a6c43a0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u472e63e0c3e879858f8b34b00a6c43a0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u472e63e0c3e879858f8b34b00a6c43a0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u472e63e0c3e879858f8b34b00a6c43a0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u472e63e0c3e879858f8b34b00a6c43a0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u472e63e0c3e879858f8b34b00a6c43a0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u472e63e0c3e879858f8b34b00a6c43a0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u472e63e0c3e879858f8b34b00a6c43a0 .u472e63e0c3e879858f8b34b00a6c43a0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u472e63e0c3e879858f8b34b00a6c43a0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gangsta Rap And Violence EssayBibliography:

White Fang Review Essay Example

White Fang Review Paper Essay on White Fang Hard, very hard to read such a book for people who are too sensitive to the manifestation of cruelty to animals. Soul shudders and shrinks the heart, when you read this story. Page by page, chapter by chapter bears the strong emotions, tears, emotions. These emotions are eventually forced me to experience a genuine sense of shame for the terrible, irresponsible behavior of man in relation to nature and its creations There are the worlds most powerful, the most brutal and ruthless living being -. People. The beast can also be cruel, but his cruelty can be explained by natural instincts, cruelty same person explains the cynicism, greed and fear. A great, eloquent syllable Jack London wrote a touching story about the life of a wolf-dog named White Fang. From early childhood cub had to wage a brutal struggle for existence, overcoming the hostility of the Wild. Surrounding world ceases before him with all its harshness and cruelty. He was not unaware that such a weasel, neither heat nor affection. Only survival instincts of self-preservation, which shaped his character. Man for him was a god, the mighty power which ought to obey, otherwise the massacre could not be avoided. He did not know about the bliss, which can award the human hand. Human hands fed him, but often hurt. We will write a custom essay sample on White Fang Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on White Fang Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on White Fang Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Cruelty breeds cruelty. White Fang became a perfect predator, ruthless killer is not sparing anyone who seemed weaker. He answered only to force. The only force that exceed his own, that the human being possesses. The book is full of sadness and sorrow, but still it leaves a gloomy impression. This is a story about the power of nature, of human weaknesses, of devotion, of struggle, of the laws of life. Appreciate, respect, love nature and it will repay you in the same!

Computer Ethics Essays (1306 words) - Computing, Technology

Computer Ethics Computer Ethics Computer crime has increased in resent years. The book gives several examples of past computer crimes. Before reading chapter 2 I thought that computer crimes only involved crimes that where associated with hacks. But I learned that a computer crime is a crime that involved a computer in any way. Even if it was just to close a bank account. This chapter gave me a good understanding of what a computer crime is, it also made me think how could I make some money. By reading this chapter I was surprised to learn that most computer crimes are committed by people that dont have an extensive understanding of computers, but by opportunist. In one of the cases I read about, a group of hackers figured out a way to intrude into the bank system but didnt do any damage to the bank. Then they tried to sell their knowledge to the bank and got arrested. It seemed unfair to me that for trying to help the bank they got arrested. In many cases the people accused of computer crime do it without know wha t they do. As in the example of the 8 year old boy that transferred 1,000,000 dollars to his account by inserting a envelope with a cartoon of cereal in it and pressing 1 many times. I thought the book made a good point in saying that most computer crimes are kept secret from the public by the victims especially banks so people wont loose their trust in them. I think all people come to a point in their life that they have the opportunity to enrich them self illegally without getting caught and thats where a descent and ethical person is reveled. Software theft is a very commune type of crime. Crimes that all off us commit, but dont feel neither wrong in committing it nor will stop doing it for several reasons. Software companies charge unrealistically high for software packages. Users personally wont be penalized for doing so. Nobody wants to pay for something they can get for free. But at the same time programmers want to be compensated for their work. To tell you the truth I dont understand the point of software developers that want for all software to be free. If software was free, who will pay our salaries and who is going to work for free. Their point is that, if the source code would be free that programmers could improve existing programs, but who is going to work for free in improving those programs, I wouldnt. Its easy to say for programmers like Stallman that are financially sponsored by others, that software should be for free he is getting paid, who is going to pay us? I agree with Pamela Samuelson The existing system of patent laws is still the best vehicle for protecting software. I agree with the opinion that hacking has changed in recent years. Before hacking used to be a demonstration of knowledge of a system or of making a statement that Im smarter than most people. Most of those attacks where not malicious, now hackers have become malicious and most of them dont demonstrate that they are smart nor demonstrate knowledge of a system. Most hack s are people that have nothing to do and go through the trashcans of corporations in hopes of finding manuals or passwords of systems or going to Tec fairs to peek over someone shoulder to see if they are dialing in into a remote system and try to get they password and username. I dont agree with laws that punish hackers that do innocent penetrations into systems. I think thats a god thing since those penetrations make the system operators aware of their vulnerability of attack by a malicious hacker. If no malicious penetrations wouldnt be punished and companies would pay for finding loopholes in their systems the number of malicious attack would drastically descend. I agree with the point of view of IBM. I think that the best way of eliminating viruses is by educating programmers about the damage those viruses cause and that they are wrong and dont demonstrate anything except the maliciousness and stupidity of they

An Exploration of the Impact of Employer Motivation on Organisational Success The WritePass Journal

An Exploration of the Impact of Employer Motivation on Organisational Success An Exploration of the Impact of Employer Motivation on Organisational Success CHAPTER ONEIntroductionChoice of Research AreaBackground of StudyStatement of the ProblemAims of the ResearchResearch ObjectivesSignificance of StudyCHAPTER TWOLITERATURE REVIEWIntroductionTheories on Employee MotivationContent TheoriesWhat is Success?Factors of successLeadership in an OrganisationSUMMARY CHAPTER THREEMETHODOLOGYIntroduction Research PhilosophyResearch Method  Research DesignTypes of Research DesignExploratory ResearchDescriptive ResearchCausal Research (cause/effect)Target PopulationData GatheringQuestion FormatEthical ConsiderationResearch LimitationConclusion CHAPTER FOURAnalysis of DataIntroductionRespondent ProfileSummary CHAPTER FIVEDISCUSSION OF RESULTS AND ITS IMPLICATIONSIntroductionKey Research Areas and Results ObtainedCHAPTER SIXConclusionRecommendationsAreas of further studiesReference Related CHAPTER ONE Introduction This research Explores the Impact of Employer Motivation on Organisational Success, and how employers plan strategically for the well-being of its staff; to make them comfortable in their jobs, which will make them more effective and efficient. It also looks at what gives the employers satisfaction, and what motivates them.   These are important factors which will work in favour of the organisation. This study is based on a company called Greener Books Limited which at the moment uses Amazon the famous online company to retail their books. The company deals in used books and have been in business for approximately 5 years.   The books are of good quality and affordable. The company has been in the E-commerce industry for some time now, and has been competing well in the sector.   The researcher would like to investigate what has given the company its edge even in time of difficulty, to be able to weather the storm. The researcher will outline the objectives and significance in achieving organisational performance, its various limitations and a clear definition of motivation. The researcher will also demonstrate how if employers are well motivated, the impact it’s going to have on employees, and how it is going to contribute to the success of the organisation.   This will be shown after analysing the role of the employer, and the impact he or she will make on the organisation. Choice of Research Area The reason for this research topic is because the researcher feels not much has been discussed on employer motivation, and not a lot of researchers have been bold enough to venture into the area of employer motivation.   As many of the researchers feels employer motivation is all about making profit.   This research is going to prove employer motivation goes beyond making profit alone. Background of Study The study of this research is based on motivation, which is linked to Human Resource Management (HRM).   Human resource management can be defined as all management decisions and practices that directly affect or influence the people, or human resources, who work for the organisation. (Fisher et al. 2003).   It also looks at success and leadership in an organisation This research is going to provide us with information about employer motivation, as not much has been said about it before; the researchers aim is to fill that gap, as most theorists only talk about employee motivation.   Like Maslow who talks about the hierarchy of needs, that an individual would have to satisfy one need before he can go to the next level, or Alderfer, who like Maslow said that the individual needs are more a continuum than hierarchical level.   More than one need may be activated at the same time.   Herzberg went on to create his two-factor theory which is the hygiene factor and the motivators or growth factors.   Many more theorists discussed motivations of employee.   The researcher is going to discuss more in the literature review. This research project is looking at the aspect of motivation that most researchers don’t talk about, and why most people believes money is the only motivating factor for any employer.   The focus of this research is going to be on small businesses, as it will be easier for the researcher to get hold of the employers themselves. The researcher is going to be using qualitative methods in the analysis of this research because it provides more insight for this topic, and helps the researcher to understand employers better.   Questionnaires are going to be the form of data collection, due to word limitation for the whole research; the researcher would not be able to combine other data collection methods for this research. Statement of the Problem Why do people feel money is the only motivating factor for employers? One of the major problems facing employers is that people often feel that they go into the business mainly to make profit.   This is important to study because there are more to employers than making profit alone.   They also look for job satisfaction and esteem as any other employee, and that is why a lot has not been said about employer motivation. To find out the truth, and to change the perception of individuals towards employers, the researcher would have to speak to or ask a number of employers and owners of small businesses in north-west London to help in this survey, by filling in questionnaires. Aims of the Research The aim of this research is to explore the impact(s) of employer motivation on organisational success, and how it affects the everyday activities and enhance productivity of Greener Books Limited to become a self sufficient online retail organisation.   The research will focus on small businesses in north-west area of London Research Objectives To identify the motivating factors employers have in owning a business. To identify whether it is more-rewarding to run a business, as opposed to working for someone else.   To change the perception of people towards employers. To highlight the significance of motivation in a business environment. Significance of Study This study is important for the following reasons: It will show that employers need to be motivated just as much as employee. It will show that employers and employees are motivated by different factors. It will challenge the perception that making a profit is the main reason employers set up a business. It study will change the idea people have about employers. CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction For any business to be able to thrive in this present economy, it has to have a very strong base, which is their employee. However the employer must be able to motivate himself first before he can motivate his employees.   He has to have exceptionally good leadership skills.   Also have the ability to plan, organise and successful deliver the organisations requirements. He should have an idea of what and where he wants the organisation to be in the next 7 to 10 years.   He or she also has to be aware of their environments, both internal and external, and make it work in their favour.   There should also be a feedback system to show if the company is deviating from their initial goals and objectives. What is Motivation? Motivation is often seen as the cornerstone to any organisation; without motivation from employees or employers an organisation will struggle to compete, especially in times of economic uncertainty.   This section will give an understanding of motivation in the workplace and some of the theories behind it. Studies in motivation have shown it as the driving force within an individual, by which they attempt to achieve goals in order to fulfil some need or expectation. ‘’Motivation can be described as the direction and persistence of action.   It is concerned with why people choose a particular course of action in preference to others, and why they continue with a chosen action, often over a long period, and in the face of difficulties and problems’’(Mullins, 2005). On this basis, Mitchell defines motivation as ‘‘the degree to which an individual wants and chooses to engage in certain specified behaviours’’.   Bennett (1997) ‘’sees motivation as consisting of all drives, forces and influences- conscious or unconscious- that causes the employee to want to achieve certain aims’’.   Wilson and Rosenfeld (1990) said that ‘’motivation is characterised by a certain level of willingness on the part of an individual to increase effort, to the extent that this exertion also satisfies some need’’. Rudolph and Kleiner (1989) proposed a more detailed definition stating that the needs and expectations at work fall into two categories, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.   Intrinsic motivation is related to psychological rewards such as opportunity to use one’s ability, positive recognition and receiving appreciation.   The psychological rewards are those that can be determined by the actions and behaviour of individual managers.   Extrinsic motivation on the other hand, is related to tangible rewards such as salary and fringe benefits, security and promotion, contract of service.   Such tangible rewards are often determined at the organisational level and may largely be outside the control of the individual manager. As can be seen there are various definitions of motivation, however all of them agree in that motivation is resident within the individual, however motivation is clearly linked to a desired outcome. Even though Rudolph and Kleiner’s definition includes external factors it is not clear how these contribute or inhibit motivation. Theories on Employee Motivation There are many competing theories which attempt to explain the nature of motivation.   All of them have been criticised and don’t seem to be able to fully explain motivation in relation to people’s behaviour.   Some of these theories are introduced below. The usual approach to the study of motivation is through an understanding of internal cognitive processes, that is people’s feelings and thoughts.   These cognitive theories of motivation are usually divided into two contrasting approaches: content theories and process theories. Content Theories Content theories provide a link between individual needs and work rewards.   They offer a perspective based upon the relative value people place upon various rewards (Wilson and Rosenfeld, 1990).   ) Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Model was originally published in 1943 (Mullins, 2005).   Maslow’s basic preposition is that people are â€Å"wanting beings†, wanting more after each achievement.   He suggests that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy of importance. Maslow identified eight innate needs, including the need to know and understand, aesthetic needs, and the need for transcendence.   However, the hierarchy is usually shown as ranging through five main levels. From the bottom to the top of the pyramid these are as follows. Physiological needs include homeostasis (the body’s automatic efforts to retain normal functioning) such as satisfaction of hunger and thirst, the need for oxygen etc. Safety needs are physical security, freedom from pain or threat of physical attack, protection from danger or deprivation, the need for predictability and orderliness. Love needs include affection, sense of belonging, social activities, friendship etc. Esteem needs are self-respect and the esteem of others, also the desire of confidence, strength, independence and freedom, and achievement. Self-actualisation is the development and realisation of one’s full potential. Maslow sees this as: ‘What humans can be, they must be’, or ‘becoming everything that one is capable of becoming’. However, Bennett (1997) criticised Maslow’s theory that needs are individual and can vary from person to person depending on social influences, cultural backgrounds and traditions or can even be suppressed by cultural or social pressures.   In relation to this Maslow did not specify the source of needs, which could be biological, trans-cultural or conditioned behaviour.   Also, whereas Maslow arranged his needs hierarchically, they could also exist at the same time or in a different order.   Furthermore Maslow’s theory states that people will only seek to achieve higher-level needs once lower-level ones have been satisfied.   Many people, however, are actually conscious of higher needs even though their fundamental physiological needs have not been fully met.   In a consumer society, the poor may yearn for status symbols even though they are unable to satisfy their immediate requirements. Alderfer (Mullins, 2005) went on to modify Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, his model condensed it from five levels of needs into only three levels based on the core needs of existence, relatedness and growth (ERG theory). Existence needs are concerned with sustaining human existence and survival, and cover physiological and safety needs of a material nature.   Relatedness needs are concerned with relationship to the social environment, and cover love or belonging, affiliation, and meaningful interpersonal relationship of a safety or esteem nature.   Growth needs are concerned with the development of potential, which covers self-esteem and self-actualisation. Like Maslow, Alderfer suggests that individuals’ progress through the hierarchy from existence needs, to relatedness needs, to growth needs, as the lower level needs become satisfied.   However, Alderfer conceptualises these needs as continuum rather than hierarchical levels.   More than one need may be activated at the same time.   Individuals may also progress down the hierarchy.   There is a frustration-regression process (Mullin, 2005).   Unlike Maslow’s theory, the results of Alderfer’s work suggest that an individual does not have to satisfy a lower-level need before he can start thinking of a higher-level one. However, similarly Alderfer’s theory does not offer further explanations of sources of needs or how they are formed and influenced. Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory is based on his original study, which consisted of 203 accountants and engineers, who were interviewed because of their growing importance in the business world.   Professor Herzberg (Oakland, 1993) carried out investigations into the factors affecting job attitude.   From an analysis of his findings, he hypothesised that the things that lead to satisfaction and dissatisfaction are not equal and opposite.   He labelled the satisfying factor motivators or growth, and the dissatisfying factor hygiene or maintenance.   Herzberg’s hygiene factor relates to the condition of work rather than to work itself (Bennett, 1997). Proper attention can prevent dissatisfaction, but does not create a positive attitude or motivation by itself, How people are treated at work. Salary.   Working conditions.   Supervision. Oakland (1993) stated that, to be motivated people need ability, which may require some training, and the opportunity to use that ability.   According to Herzberg there are another variety of factors such as job enrichment, feedback, self-checking and direction communication all aid motivation. Achievement.   Recognition of achievement.   Meaningful and interesting work.   Increased responsibility. Growth and advancement at work. King (1970) suggested that the two-factor theory is open to different interpretations.   He outlined four other interpretations, one being: motivators cause more satisfaction than dissatisfaction. Hygiene causes more dissatisfaction than satisfaction. However, if for example, hygiene are the predominant cause of both satisfaction and dissatisfaction, then the above hypothesis could be verified; but with hygiene rather than motivators having the greater effect on satisfaction. Thus any weaker version of the Two-Factor theory can result in situations contradictory to the general intent of the theory. Shipley and Kiely (1988) seriously challenge the worth of Herzberg’s theory to industrial sales managers.   Its application by them would result in a less than wholly motivated and at least partially dissatisfied team of salespeople. Despite the criticism, there is still evidence of support for the continuing relevance of the theory.   Phillipchuk’s (1996) based his study on a small sample of engineers within a single company in Canada. He attempted to replicate Herzberg’s study in today’s environment.   Herzberg’s methods still yield useful results.   Respondents did not offer any new event factor from the original study although some old factors were absent.   Salary and working conditions were not mentioned as a satisfier or a dissatisfier, and advancement as a satisfier did not appear.   The top demotivator was company policy and the top motivator was achievement. According to Crainer and Dearlove (2001) Herzberg’s work has had a considerable effect on the rewards and remuneration packages offered by corporations.   Increasingly, there is a trend towards ‘cafeteria’ benefits in which people can choose from a range of options.   In effect, they can select the elements they recognise as providing their own motivation to work.   Similarly, the current emphasis on self-development, career management and self-managed learning can be seen as having evolved from Herzberg’s insight. A fairly recent theory of motivation comes from Professor Reiss (Reiss, 2000) a professor of psychology and psychiatry at Ohio State University. After conducting studies involving more than 6,000 people, Reiss found that 16 basic desires guide nearly all meaningful behaviour.   These desires are power, independence, curiosity, acceptance, order, saving, honour, idealism, social contact, family, status, vengeance, romance, eating, physical exercise, and tranquillity.   These desires are what drive our everyday actions and make us who we are, Reiss said.   What makes individuals unique is the combination and ranking of these desires.   He said at least 14 of the 16 basic desires seem to have a genetic basis. Only the desires for idealism and acceptance dont appear to have a genetic component’’.   Most of these desires are similar to those seen in animals, and seem to have some survival value, Reiss said. This indicates they are genetic in origin. The research is bound to be controversial with many researchers who have tried to reduce all human behaviour to just one or two basic desires such as pleasure, pain or survival or who say that that there are some desires that all people share equally.   Looking at how people differ in these 16 desires, Reiss said he concluded that we are individuals to a much greater extent than psychologists have previously realised. For example, he said our educational system is built on the premise that all children are naturally curious (curiosity is one of the 16 basic desires) and have the same potential desire for learning, but he found that people can differ quite a bit in their maximum potential to enjoy learning. Not everyone is naturally curious, Reiss said. A child may be very smart, but still not be interested in school. But our educational system cannot deal with the idea that there is someone who cannot enjoy learning and never will. Educators are making a mistake when they think all children were born with more or less equal potential to enjoy learning. He also said, parents of non-curious children should realize they will never be able to change their childs fundamental nature.   Its OK to be non-curious.   As long as the child is not flunking and is meeting some minimum standards, parents should ease up on their expectations.   By pushing a non-curious child to be more curious, all a parent is doing is ruining their relationship. The same goes for any fundamental desire, according to Reiss.   Workaholics may work a lot, not because they have some void or problem in their life, but because they have a naturally strong desire for power and status. The failure to understand individual differences causes problems in everything from marital relationships to co-worker interactions.   People know that other people have different values and pursuits, but they cannot understand how this can be.   Self-huggers waste enormous effort trying to change people who do not want to be changed. Reiss said the research that psychologists cannot boil down human experience to just one or two basic desires that we all share equally.   He noted that 2 trillion different profiles can be assessed by the Reiss Profiles. Every person has a unique desire profile, he said. What is Success? Fitzgerald (n/d) ‘’Success can be defined as the ability to work constructively in teams, develop and maximise others’ contribution and ensure commitment of the team towards overall goals’’.   ‘’It can also be defined as the ability to plan, organise and measure activities to ensure effective delivery of business requirements’’. Factors of success Harrison (2000) identified six critical success factors for career development: It must embody a transparent process owned by line manager. It must be a process that can evolve through time and is integrated with existing HR systems. It must comprise a system based on full information about people’s career expectations and about the needs of the organisation. There must be a measurement of standards to show whether the system works. There must be clear communication about development processes and responsibilities to all employees and provision of all employees of relevant and full information about career path. There must be support for employees in planning and developments. Leadership in an Organisation Leadership, according to Doherty and Horne (2002) â€Å"is a relationship through which one person influences another† and also â€Å"according to Useem (2001) leadership is a matter of making a difference’’.   It entails changing an organisation and making active choices among plausible alternatives, and depends on the developments of others and mobilising them to get the job done. Leadership theory and research have increasingly centred on leaders as good at articulating, communicating visions, empowering people and developing the trust of their followers (Peters and Waterman (1982).   Further to this, Joyce (1999: 88) adds that a good sense of timing, personal ‘drive’ and the ability to handle the emotional aspects of strategic change are fundamental qualities a good strategy oriented leader must possess. Strong leaders can lead to both success and failure of any organisation.   There is ample evidence from firms which have turned round and escaped from the jaws of decline due to the tireless effort a strong leader (Pettigrew, 1985).   They can also lead to a strategy which will ‘over-extend’ the organisation with rapid growth followed perhaps by divisionalisation, but which is uncontrolled or simply in the wrong strategic direction SUMMARY The overall success of any organisation, relies mainly on its employees, and for organisation to achieve their aims and objectives, their staff have to be in a good frame of mind, so that they can be very efficient and effective in their job descriptions. For the staff to be well motivated, the employers themselves must be motivated as well, because without a well motivated and focused employer, the employees might not have a conducive environment to work in. After conducting the research, the researcher noticed that not a lot, if any, had been said about employer’s motivation.   The entire theorist has only focused on employee motivation. The researcher is going to investigate how employers get motivated; he is going to conduct this by issuing out questionnaire to employers.   Feedback from the questionnaires will allow the researcher conclude his analysis. CHAPTER THREE METHODOLOGY Introduction In this methodology, the researcher is going to discuss the different components that makes up the chapter, they include, research philosophy, research methodology, research design, research method, target population, question format, ethical consideration, research limitation and conclusion for the chapter. Research Philosophy Saunders et al. (2003) stated that research philosophy depends on the way that you think about the development of knowledge.   They are three views of literature that dominate the research process; these are positivism, interpretivism and realism.   They are different, if not mutually exclusive, views about the way in which knowledge is developed and judged as being acceptable.   All three have an important part to play in business and management research. For this research the researcher is going to focus on interpretivism process, because in business and management, not only are the situations complex, they are also unique. The researcher is going to be dealing with a number of employers to find out what motivates them, because of this, the researcher would not be able to generalise as we keep being told that the business environment is not constant. With the interpretivism process, the researcher would be able to understand the situations in details and the reality working behind them. The researcher could have used positivism or realism for this research, but both of them are not suitable for this research, because for positivism it is more standardised and law abiding, while realism is based on a reality that exists independently of human thoughts and believes.   In the study of business and management this can be seen as indicating that there are large-scale social forces and processes that affect people without them being aware of the existence of such influence on their interpretation and behaviour. (Saunders et al 2003). They both underpin the collection of data and the understanding of that data, they both do not suit this study where the researcher is to interpret the data and bring in some ideas according to own understanding. Research Method According to Jankowicz (2000), ‘‘Research method is a systematic and orderly approach taken towards the collection and analysis of data so that information can be obtained from those data.’’ Research methods are the techniques used in gathering evidence, and also the various ways of preceding the information.   (Harding, n.d). The individual purpose in doing the research will dictate when and how it is undertaken.   The goal will thus vary but publication in one way or the other is essential. There are two main kinds of research methods, which are Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods. According to Brocklehurst and Gates, in O’Brien and Pipkin(1999) in broad terms said, Quantitative research is concerned with enumeration; for example, measuring whether an exposure leads to an outcome and, if so, by how much that outcome is increased, or measuring the size of an effect of the new intervention.   Quantitative research is concerned more with why social factors lead to change in outcome or how an intervention is effective. As mentioned in the previous paragraph, quantitative research only measures the number of individual’s feelings, and how they think or operate in a certain way. Such surveys require huge samples – for examples above 50 interviews or questionnaires. These questionnaires are structures in a way that they answer the research objectives of the study, as a result there are numerous tools used to gather all this valuable information but the regular methods used are the street and the telephone interviews. Having looked at quantitative research, the researcher will now analyse qualitative research. Qualitative Research is done after gathering all the information from the questionnaires, telephone interviews or internet survey. The data collected is then used to analyse the study in a well planned manner, where the researcher will make final conclusions based on them. Qualitative research draws the final concrete conclusion of the study which gains insight into the participant’s attitudes, behaviours, concern, motivation, culture, background, communication, and survey and value systems. Qualitative research involves any analyses of unstructured bits and pieces of data which includes feedbacks from customers in a form of reports, questionnaires and media clips. With the two research methods available to the researcher, the researcher decides to use the qualitative methods, because this method provides more in-sight for the research, and gives the researcher a better understanding of what motivates employers. Qualitative methodology and case studies provide powerful tools for research in Strategic Management and business subjects, including general management, leadership, marketing, organisation, corporate strategy, accounting and more.   Particular attention should be paid to the study of decision making, implementation and the change processes within companies and other organisations.   (Gummesson, 2000) Although both quantitative and qualitative methods are used for data collections in case studies, the latter will normally predominate in the study processes in which data collection, analysis, and action often take place concurrently.   (Gummesson, 2000) Qualitative analysis allowed the researcher to investigate some of these concepts rather than standardised measures of the quantitative approach.   Research Design ‘‘A research design is a framework for conducting the research effectively.   It involves the procedures necessary to obtain the information needed to structure or solve the research problems.’’ (kotler et al. 2006). Types of Research Design Exploratory Research Descriptive Research Causal Research (cause/effect) Exploratory Research Exploratory research is a valuable means of finding out ‘‘what is happening; to seek new insights; to ask questions and to asses phenomena in a new light’’ (Robson 2002).   It is particularly useful if you which to clarify your understanding of the problem.   There are three principal ways of conduction exploratory research: A search of the literature; Talking to experts in the subject; Conducting focus group interviews Exploratory research can be linked to the activities of a traveller or explorer (Adams and Schvaneveldt, 1991).   Its great advantage is that it is flexible and adaptable to change.   If you are conducting exploratory research the researcher must be willing to change direction as a result of new data that appears and new insight that occur along the way. Adam and Schvaneveldt (1991) reinforce this point by arguing that the flexibility inherent in exploratory research does not mean absence of direction to the enquiry.   What it does mean is that the focus is initially broad and becomes progressively narrower as the research progresses. Descriptive Research The object of descriptive research is ‘‘to portray an accurate profile of persons, events or situations’’ (Robson, 2002).   This may be an extension of, or a forerunner to, a piece of exploratory research.   It is necessary to have a clear picture of the phenomena on which the research intends to collect data prior to collection of the data. (Saunders et al. 2003) Saunders et al. (2003) went on to say, project tutors are rather wary of work that is too descriptive.   There is a danger of their saying ‘That’s very interesting but so what?’ They will want the researcher to go further to draw conclusion from their data.   They will encourage the researcher to develop the skills of evaluating data and synthesising ideas.   These are higher-order skills than those of accurate description.   Description in management and business research has a very clear place.   However, it should be thought of as a means to an end rather than an end in itself. Causal Research (cause/effect) Causal designs differ from descriptive designs in their greater probability of establishing causality. The reason for this is that causal designs are similar to experiments done in the lab; it is often difficult to determine because of the influence of other variables.   Causal designs are also known as experimental designs.   It is undertaken with the aim of identifying cause and effect relationship among two or more variables. For this research project the researcher is going to make use of exploratory research method, because it is the only method that can help the researcher clarify the ambiguous problems facing employer motivation. This method also provides a platform for the researcher to be able to explore in-depth about employer motivation, because most people think employer motivation is all about making money.   So with this method the researcher will find more knowledge sufficient enough to draw a conclusion that employer motivation goes far beyond just making money.   With this method the researcher will be able to explore and uncover basic viewpoints, perception, behaviour and attitudes. Target Population The target population for this research project is going to be organisations that are running on a small scale, from two (2) employees to about twenty-five (25) employees.   The reason for scaling down to small organisations is because the aim of the researcher is to be able to speak to the owner or rather issue out questionnaires to the owners of these organisations directly. Having considered speaking to large organisations, the researcher found out it might not be possible to be able to get hold of the actual owners of those organisations.   For this research project, the researcher is going to use make use of about twenty-five (25) organisation for the survey. Data Gathering There are many way to collect information.   The most common research methods are: literature searches, focus groups, talking with people, questionnaire, personal interviews and internet surveys etc. Among the research methods available to the researcher for this project, the researcher is going to make use of questionnaire method; this would make the researcher be able to analysis the data quickly.   Due to words limitation and time constraints, the researcher would not be able to combine other research methods in the analysis of this project. It took the researcher about three days to be able to gather all the data used for this research project Question Format For this research project, the researcher is going to make use of questionnaire; the questions were designed in accordance to the research objectives.   The question formats for this project are mainly going to be close-ended questions.   Also they are going to be some few open-ended questions.   A scale of a-d is going to be used to answer the questions (a. Strongly Agree  Ã‚  Ã‚   b. Agree  Ã‚   c. Disagree  Ã‚   d. Strongly Disagree).† Yes† and â€Å"No† questions would also be used to analyse what makes employers motivated.   The researcher did not opt to use â€Å"5 scale† as most respondents have a tendency of always choosing the middle answer (3) which is neither agree or disagree and in most cases it misleads the researcher.   The questionnaire would be given directly to the employers by the researcher, and explained to them the reason for the research, and give them a three day period for collection. Ethical Consideration Due to ethical issues and the sensitivity of people, the questionnaires were designed in a manner that does not require the respondents to mention their names, sex and other confidential information.   This is done to protect their identity and privacy.   The researcher also assured respondents that the information shared would not be given to a third party, that it is only going to be used for this research project. Research Limitation The greatest limitation was to find the actual owner of the businesses, because many of the organisations the researcher went to was managed by an employee. Secondly time constraint was another factor that affected the researcher; it took the researcher time to track the owner of the businesses to help fill the questionnaires. The researcher managed to overcome this limitation by share persistence, and was able to convince the employers how important this research project was to the completion his bachelor’s degree.   This made the employers create some time from their busy schedule to take part in this survey. Conclusion To be successful in any research project, the researcher would have to use the appropriate research method to analyse the data collected.   For this research project, qualitative research method was more suitable for the researcher, because the research method is more interactive, and the researcher got to understand how they are feeling. CHAPTER FOUR Analysis of Data Introduction In this chapter the researcher is going to collate and analyse the data collected from the employers of small organisations in the north-west area of London that took part in the survey organised by the researcher with the aid of a questionnaire. Through a detailed and careful analysis of the research data collected from the employers on what motivates them and how it leads to the success of their organisation, the researcher was able to gather crucial information’s about employers, and this data should change the perceptions of people towards employers that they only go into business for the monitory rewards.   The researcher has analysed, interpreted and presented the data in various forms in other to better understand and have a visual image of the analysis. Respondent Profile Table 4.1: Total Survey According to the (table 4.1) above, the researcher printed 25 questionnaires for the research project.   22 of the questionnaires were collected from the employers who took part in the survey; only 3 questionnaires were not recovered by the researcher due to unavailability of the employers, when the researcher went back to collect them.   The researcher had to make use the 22 questionnaires returned to analysis the primary data. Table 4.2: Employers Experience In (table4.2) above the researcher grouped the employers according to their years of experience in running their businesses. According to the above diagram in (figure 4.1) it better illustrates the percentage of employers that have been running their own businesses. The researcher grouped some questions together from the questionnaire; according to (table 4.3) this question addresses the business experience of the employers, how they feel and if the challenges of running their own business are worth the effort. Results from (table 4.3) shows that about 89% which is the vast majority of the employers agreed that it was tough at the beginning than expected, but are more satisfied running their own business and enjoy the different challenges everyday brings.   Only a fraction of the employers, just over 11% said it was not difficult at the beginning, because they took their time to look into the business before venturing into it. The researcher went on to ask the employers why they decided to set up their own businesses; about 59.10% of them said it was because they were fed up of the 9-5 routine, and wanted to do what they enjoyed.   The other 40.90% of them said they had never thought of working the 9-5 routine. The researcher then went on to one of the main question for this research project, is money the main motivating factor? Astonishingly over 80% of them said money was not a major factor, job satisfaction, providing services to people that they enjoyed ranked higher to them than just making profits. Fewer than 20% of them said money was the most important factor that made them decide to set up their own businesses; they could make huge profits running their own business, rather than work 9-5. The researcher went on to ask about staff motivation, and a lot of the employers seem very positive about employee motivation, they all agree their employee are all motivated one way or another.   The researcher then decided to ask specific question, 86.36% said their employees are better motivated because of job security and 13.64% said they are not.   For job satisfaction and sense of belonging the researcher found out the percentage there were the same, 81.82% said they were motivated due to the factors, while 18.18% said they were not. However there was a particular employer who believed his employee were mainly motivated by money, and the other factors were down their scale. The researcher also asked the employers if they have ever thought about motivating their employee, they all said yes, and gave their reasons. Training and re-training of employees came up a lot, some said they organised workshops for their staff, better pay incentives, healthy working environment, recognising excellent contributions to work, promotion per performance, bonus, and one employer said his business is run like a family, so he treats all his employees like family. When analysing the factors to consider in running a successful organisation (see table 4.4), the researcher used questionnaires measuring scale from a d to find out how employers feel about running their own business, perception of the public towards them and time management. Out of the entire participant, 81.81% of them agreed and strongly agreed that running their company was more challenging than when they were just employees in other organisation.   All the employers agreed that time management is very important if you want your business to run smoothly. Only 18.18% of the participants said work/life balance is not a problem, but the other 81.82% said its difficult combining both.   They all agreed it is time consuming, and very rewarding to know people enjoy the service they provide. The bar chart below would show the response of the employers, when asked if people have a wrong impression about them, that they are only in it to make money.   81.81% of them agreed and strongly agreed, but one employer in particular strongly disagreed that the public are right to have that impression The researcher left the final question open, saying any other information would be appreciated, but most of the respondent left the question blank.   Among the few that filled it, one said running your own business comes with 100% sacrifice, and the other respondent said, to be a successful business person, one needs to be focused. He said they have to be dedicated, disciplined and determined, which he calls his 3d slogan. Summary In summary, the results from the above analysis represents the more humane and conscious side of the employers, as most of them tend not to be go into business just because of the monitory rewards it provides.   As one employer told the researcher, there is more to business than just making money. CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSION OF RESULTS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS Introduction In this chapter, the researcher is going to critically look at the analysis in chapter four, and link them up with the research questions in chapter one, this would make him be able to justify the research project. Key Research Areas and Results Obtained The researcher would look if he answered the question asked in the research question in chapter one, which were; To identify the motivating factors employers have in owning a business. To identify whether it is more-rewarding to run a business, as opposed to working for someone else.   To change the perception of people towards employers. To highlight the significance of motivation in a business environment. Several questions were asked in the questionnaire in relation to owning a business, and all the employers said job satisfaction was a high motivating factor for them setting up their business.   Also, due to the high level of customer appreciation towards the service they provided which also motivated the employer to remain self-employed. All employers agreed that it is more rewarding to run their own business rather than to be employed by someone else.   However most of them did face new difficulties with regards to time management and work/life balance to make sure their business ran successfully.   Also they were looking forward to the different challenges each day brings. What prompted the researcher to take on this research topic was the reaction he got from one of his lecturers, when asked what he thought about employer motivation; he just laughed and said money.   This got the researcher thinking that there has got to be more to employers than just making money.   The researcher was then surprised to find out when about 2/3 of the employers said money was not the reason they set up their business.   They all agreed that job satisfaction was the main reason why they did it, and they also enjoyed the challenges and satisfaction they gave to customers with the services they provided. The analysis in chapter four also looked at some part of employee motivation; the researcher found that most of the employers looked for ways to motivate their employees, either by training and re-training them, better pay incentives or bonuses.   These efforts from the employers made the employees have a sense of belonging, believing their jobs were secure, and were satisfied as well. CHAPTER SIX Conclusion The aim of this research is to explore the impacts of employer motivation on organisational success.   To also find out what motivates employers, as people often think money is the only reason that employers set up their business. The researcher is happy to say that the aim of the research set at the beginning of this study has been met; there were several questions he set out to answer at the start of this research which were: To identify the motivating factors employers have in owning a business. To identify whether it is more-rewarding to run a business, as opposed to working for someone else.   To change the perception of people towards employers. To highlight the significance of motivation in a business environment. The researcher took several steps to get to this stage, he did a literature review on the topic, chose an ideal method for the research analysis, and analysed the finding of the research. The literature review section covered what experts theorists have discussed on motivation, but the problem the researcher found was most of the theorists if not all failed to talk about employer motivation; all they did talk about was employee motivation.   This made the research more interesting, as the researcher ventured into unknown territories. Qualitative research method was used by the researcher to gather data, because it gave more insight to the study, and better understanding of employers.   The researcher was impressed with the findings, after close analysis of the questionnaires and the results obtained from it.   The researcher could boldly say there is more to employers than just making profit. Recommendations Areas of further studies Reference    Bennett, R. (1997), Organisational Behaviour, 3rd Edition, Financial Times Pitman Publishing Imprint. Great Britain. Crainer, S. and Dearlove, D. (2001), Financial Times Handbook of Management, 2nd Edition, Financial Times Prentice Hall. Doherty, T.L. and Horne, T.’ Managing Public Service: Implementing Change’ (2002). Harrison, R. (2000), 2nd Edition, Employee Development, CIPD. Joyce P.   (1999), ‘Strategic Management for Public Services’. King, N. ‘A Clarification and Evaluation of the Two-Factor Theory of Job Satisfaction’, Psychological Bulletin, vol. 74, July 1970, pp.18-31. Mitchell, T. R. ‘Motivation: New Directions for Theory, Research, and Practice’, Academy of Management Review, vol. 7, no. 1, January 1982, pp.80-8. Mullins, J. L. (2005), Management and Organisational Behaviour, 7th Edition, Financial Times Pitman Publishing Imprint.   Untied Kingdom. Mullins, J. L (2005), ‘Management and organisational Behaviour’ Reproduced from Fitzgerald, S. Development and Training Manager, Autoglass Limited (n/d). Oakland, J. S. (1993), Total Quality Management, 2nd Edition, Nichols Publishing Company. United States of America. Peters, T.J. and R.H. Waterman ‘In Search for Excellence (1982), United States of America. Pettigrew, A. M. (1985) The Awakening Gaint: Continuity and Change in ICI, Blackwell, Oxford. Phillipchuck, J.   ‘An Inquiry Into the Continuing Relevance of Herzerb’s Motivation Theory’, Engineering Management Journal, vol. 8, no. 1, March 1996, pp. 15-20. Reiss, S. (2004). Multifaceted Nature of Intrinsic Motivation: The 16 Basic Desires.   Review of General Psychology, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 179-193. www.osu.edu/researchnews/archive/whoami.htm [Assessed 25/02/2011]. Rudolph, P. A. and Kleiner, B. H. ‘The Art of Motivating Employees’, Journal of Managerial Psychology, vol. 4, no. 5, 1989, pp. I-iv. Shipley, D. And Kiely, J. ‘Motivation and Dissatisfaction of Industrial Salespeople – How Relevant is Herzberg’s Theory?’, European Journal of Marketing, vol.22, no. 1, March 1988, pp. 17-28. Useem, M. ‘How to Groom Leaders of the Future’ in Pickford, J. Financial Times Mastering Management 2.0, Financial Times Prentice Hall (2001). Wilson, D. C. and Rosenfeld, R. H. (1990), Managing Organizations: Text, Readings and cases, McGraw-Hill Publishing Company.   England.

What are your solutions to stop rapes on Natives American women and Thesis

What are your solutions to stop rapes on Natives American women and women in Easter part of Democratic Republic of Congo - Thesis Example There is a direct correlation between the local levels of sexual violence growth, decrease of social and living standards and also a growing number of crimes committed by the local authorities and militia. Key words: sexual violence, rape, local authorities, military and political conflicts. The violence and rape in the Eastern Congo The violence and rape toward modern women is one of the most crucial problems in the modern globalized world. Both women from developed and developing countries are subjected to aggressive behaviors and attitudes. This research project is focused on the conflict in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and women’s rape in the country, as well as the growing number of rape victims in America among indigenous women. There are numerous risk factors, which may occur in the result of rape. These are: widowhood, husband abandonment, gang rape, and having a child from (Jackson, 2006). The above-mentioned facts may lead to social rejection of a r aped woman. Therefore, rape is positioned not only as a moral and physical infliction, but also as a socially destroying factor. A decade of fighting in the eastern part of Congo resulted in undermining of the country’s infrastructure, economical and development indicators decrease et cetera. Genocide in Rwanda was another intimidating factor for the people living in Congo (Wakabi, 2007). There was no stability in the country at all and there was a need to take appropriate measures in order to identify preventive strategies against further collapse of the country. From the beginning of the conflict, more than 200, 000 cases of sexual assault were registered. In accordance with the modern data, 40% of women and 24% of men witnessed sexual violence (Autesserre, 2006). Taking into account data of Focus Group Design and Sample Selection Survivors of violence, researchers appealed for the local hospitals in the search for appropriate data and potential possibility of negotiation w ith the victims of violence and rape. In accordance with data provided about the group in Kiswahili, two-thirds of women (68.9%) experienced gang rape (rape by more than one assailant on the same occasion) and 46% of women reported being abducted (they were raped for more than one day) by their assailants (Hanlon, 2008). Uniformed attackers raped more women and were suspected of gang rape, instead of non-uniform assailants. Moreover, these women experienced not only physical and psychological impact, but were also rejected by their families and communities. They had to look for a place to live and where to go in case their community rejected from their presence. They were stigmatized in their communities and very often people pointed at these women by their fingers. It is evident that a woman experienced a feeling of shame and humiliation when witnessing such kind of social malpractice. Husbands of women were described by the victims of rape in the following way: â€Å"They repudia te us. They know that we have been raped and that we have been infected. So to save their lives they abandon us† (Grewal, 2010). There are no enough opportunities for taking care of women, who were inflicted in the process of rape. These women are always positioned as victims, which have no way back. They do not have enough opportunities to live their previous lives, because the illnesses they have and many other intimidating factors they experience are degrading their lives. Rapes of indigenous women in America The number of indigenous women raped in the in the US is 2.5 times larger to a general population of women in America. Indigenous population has always been marginalized and they lacked of their rights and they have never been sound member of any society.